Nguva pfupi yapfuura, data rakaburitswa nebazi rezvehuwandu hwevashandi vekuSouth Korea rakakonzera kunetseka kukuru: muna 2023, huwandu hwezvinhu zvinotengeswa neSouth Korea kubva kuChina kuburikidza ne e-commerce hwakawedzera ne121.2% gore rega rega. Kekutanga, China yadarika United States kusvika yava nzvimbo huru yekutumira zvinhu zve e-commerce kuburikidza ne e-commerce kuSouth Korea.
Uyu ndiwo muenzaniso wechangobva kuitika wekukura nekukurumidza kwekutengeserana kwepamhepo muChina. Data kubva kuBazi rezvekutengeserana rinoratidza kuti muna 2023, zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika muChina zvaive 2.38 trillion yuan, kuwedzera kwe15.6%. Pakati pazvo, zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvakasvika 1.83 trillion yuan, zvichikwira ne19.6 muzana gore negore.
Ndezvipi zvinhu zvitsva zviri kuitika mukutengeserana kwepaindaneti mukusimudzira kutengeswa kwezvinhu kunze kwenyika? Ndezvipi zvikonzero zvekukura kwayo nekukurumidza? Ndeipi mafambiro ari kuita mune ramangwana? Nemibvunzo iyi, mutori wenhau wedu akaita hurukuro.
Nziyo ye "Blue Ocean" izere nezvinhu zvinoshamisa
Musi wa4 Kukadzi, ndege yakanga yakatakura zvinhu zvekutengeserana paindaneti zvakaita sembatya, shangu nengowani, zvishongedzo nezvinhu zvinodiwa zuva nezuva yakabhururuka kubva kuRaining International Airport muKashgar, Xinjiang Province ichienda kuBournemouth, UK. Ndege iyi inotakura zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nevagadziri vekuChina zvemakambani ekutengeserana paindaneti akadai seAmazon neWish.
"Tinopa mabasa ekutenga, logistics, kuunganidza ruzivo rwezvinhu uye mamwe mabasa ekutengeserana kwekunze kwenyika, uye tiri vatori vechikamu mubasa rekutengesa kwekunze kwenyika. Zvidiki setambo yemusoro, maklipu ebvudzi, makuru semajenareta, maturusi emuchina, zvinodiwa nevatengi vekune dzimwe nyika, tinobatsira kutenga chii." Zhang Qi, mukuru weFengyun Supply chain Technology (Xinjiang) Co., LTD., akaudza mutori wenhau wedu kuti kutakurwa kwezvinhu zvekunze kwenyika kunokoshesa zvikuru nguva. Kashgar ine mukana wenzvimbo wakasarudzika we "vanhu vashanu kuburikidza nenyika sere, kusvika kuEurope neAsia", uye denderedzwa rehupfumi remhepo remaawa 1.5 rinogona kufukidza maguta makuru enyika sere dzakadai sePakistan neTajikistan, iyo ine mukana wenzvimbo yekutengeserana kwekunze.
Sekureva kwaZhang Qi, parizvino, Kashgar Customs inoshandisa "maawa manomwe nemazana maviri nemana" ekubhuka kubvumidzwa kwemitero, kubata nemazvo maitiro ekubvisa mitero, uye kugadzirisa "panosvika, panosvika, painoburitswa", izvo zvinobvumira mabhizinesi kuchengetedza simba rakawanda kuti agadzire vatengi vatsva mumusika weEurope zvichibva pakubatanidza misika yeCentral Asia neSouth Asia. "Kubva muna 2021, mari yekambani yakawedzera neanopfuura 100% gore rega rega. Mushure mekuvhurwa kwenzira yekutakura zvinhu kubva kuKashgar kuenda kuBournemouth, midziyo inotumirwa kunze inobatwa nekambani yakawedzera. Takapedza Mutambo weChirimo weGore reDragon nevashandi vemitero!" Zhang Qi akadaro.
Pamusoro pekuwedzera kwenzvimbo dzakatwasuka, kukura kwezvikamu zvemusika zvakamira kwakawedzerawo nzira dze "blue ocean" kune e-commerce inoyambuka miganhu.
Huang Kai, wekuShaoyang, Hunan Province, akaberekwa muna 1999. Kunyangwe achiri mudiki, ane ruzivo rwakawanda mubhizinesi. Mushure mekupedza kudzidza kukoreji, Huang Kai akaona kuti bhizinesi rasekuru vake rekudya patafura nezvigaro raive nemakwikwi makuru uye rakaoma kufambira mberi munguva pfupi. Saka Huang akatendeukira kumachaneli epamhepo. Mushure mekuongorora marudzi ese edata renhoroondo rinoitwa nechitoro chake muAli International Station, Huang Kai anotenda kuti kutumira masofa kunze kwenyika inzira inogona kushandiswa.
"Mudziyo unogona kutakura matafura nezvigaro zvekudyira zviuru zviviri, asi masofa gumi nemasere chete, saka makambani mazhinji haadi kutumira masofa kunze kwenyika." Zvisinei, hapana kudiwa kwakawanda kwemasofa kubva kune vatengi vekune dzimwe nyika." Huang Kai akaudza mutori wenhau kuti mushure mekusimbisa gwara iri, akatanga kuongorora mashandiro emasofa anoshanda uye masofa akabatana ekutengesera kumisika yeEurope neAmerica achibatsirwa nababamunini vake.
Zvinozoonekwa kuti Huang Kai ari munzira chaiyo. Kubva pakatangwa gore nehafu, Jiezhu Furniture Co., Ltd. yeHuang Kai yakura nekukurumidza, nehuwandu hwekutengesa kunze kwenyika hunopfuura mamiriyoni maviri eyuan muna 2023. "Kuburikidza nekutengeserana kwepamhepo, maindasitiri ekare anogonawo kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva. Kune rumwe rutivi, nerubatsiro rwemapuratifomu epamhepo ekutengeserana, tinotaura zvakananga nevatengi vemarudzi ese vekunze uye tinonzwisisa zviri kuitika mumusika; Kune rumwe rutivi, tinoramba tichigadzira zvinhu zvitsva muzvigadzirwa zvedu uye kuvandudza mashandiro emitengo yezvigadzirwa zvedu." Huang Kai akati zvichienderana nekukura kwesimba iri, zvinotarisirwa kuti muna 2024, kukosha kwekutengesa kunze kwenyika kwefenicha yeJiezhu kunotarisirwa kusvika mamiriyoni matatu eyuan kana kunyange mamiriyoni mana eyuan pamwedzi.
Lu Daliang, mutauriri weGeneral Administration of Customs uye director weDhipatimendi reStatistical Analysis, anotenda kuti kukura nekukurumidza kwekutengeserana kwepamhepo kunosanganisa miganhu hakungogumiri pakuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvevatengi vemuno, asiwo kunobatsira zvigadzirwa zveChina kusvika pasi rose, zvichiva simba guru rekusimudzira kutengeserana kwekunze.
Mhepo yechirimo yemutemo inounza kudziya
Kutengeserana kwepaindaneti kuchatumira zvinhu zvakawanda kunyika dzakawanda nenzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana muchimiro chemapasuru madiki anoyambuka miganhu, izvo zvinoenderana nemaitiro matsva ekuvandudzwa kwekutengeserana kwekunze. Wang Shouwen, mutauriri wekutengeserana kwenyika dzese uye Mutevedzeri weGurukota rezvekutengeserana, akati makambani epuratifomu yekutengeserana yepaindaneti yeUnited States ane mukurumbira, uye ikozvino China inewo puratifomu yakasimba uye ine mukurumbira yekutengeserana yepaindaneti, ine maApp download ari pakati pepamusoro pasi rose.
Zvichienderana neruzivo rwakapihwa neShanghai Customs, muna 2023, huwandu hwezviziviso zvekutengeserana kwepamhepo kuburikidza nemiganhu yekutengeserana kunze kwenyika pachiteshi chendege cheShanghai hwakasvika mamiriyoni mazana mana nemakumi mana ematiketi, kuwedzera kweinenge kaviri pagore uye kwakakwira zvikuru; Kukosha kwekutengesa kunze kwenyika kwakapfuura mabhiriyoni makumi masere nemashanu eyuan. Pakati pavo, Aliexpress, Xiyin, Pinduoduo nedzimwe mapuratifomu ekutengeserana epamhepo ekuChina ari kubuda ane mashandiro akanaka, nehurongwa hwemaodha anopfuura mazana mana ezviuru pazuva.
Kubva pakugadzira maindasitiri ane hunhu hwekutengeserana kwepamhepo kusvika pakuvandudza hunyanzvi, chiyero, uye huwandu hwehungwaru hwematura ekune dzimwe nyika, kubva pakuvandudza kugona kwekutakura zvinhu mugungwa nendege uye chiyero chemwaranzi kusvika pakuenderera mberi nekushandiswa kwemutemo wemitero yezvinhu zvinodzoserwa kunze kwenyika… Mumakore achangopfuura, mutemo wechirimo muChina wave chikonzero chakakosha chekukura nekukurumidza kwekutengeserana kwepamhepo kwepamhepo.
– Kugona kwakasimba kwekugovera zvinhu. Zhejiang Yiwu Shenglin Trading Co., Ltd. ndiyo yekutanga vatengesi kupinda muchikamu chekutengeserana che "Duoduo cross-border", chine zvigadzirwa zvinofukidza zvinhu zvemumba, zvishandiso zvekicheni, nzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinhu zvekugezera, zvinhu zvemafashoni nezvimwewo. Nguva pfupi yadarika yasvika, huwandu hwemaodha ezuva nezuva eShenglin Trading paTemu hwakasvika pamadhora angangoita zviuru makumi matatu. Mukuona kwaGuo Xinxin, maneja mukuru wekambani, nekuda kwehurongwa hwekutsigira hwemadhipatimendi ehurumende pamatanho ese eindasitiri yekugadzira uye modhi yakazara yekuchengetedza yakatangwa mhiri kwemuganhu, mabhenefiti e "indasitiri nekubatanidzwa kwekutengeserana + fekitori yekubatana" ebhizinesi anogona kutambwa zvizere, kuitira kuti zvigutse zvirinani zvinodiwa nevatengi vekunze kwenyika.
– Kubviswa kwezvicherwa nekukasira. Musi wa24 Ndira, panzvimbo yekubvisa zvicherwa zvemagetsi yekutengeserana yeGuangxi Youyi Pass Port, mapakeji ekutumira zvinhu zvemagetsi ekutengeserana ekutengeserana akakurumidza kupfuura nemidziyo yekuongorora michina iri pamutsetse wekurongedza uye akaiswa mumotokari mushure mekuongororwa kwezvicherwa. Zhang Wei, maneja mukuru weGuangxi Overfly Supply Chain Management Co., LTD., akawana kuti zvinhu zvinoda kuongororwa zvinogonawo kubuda munyika pazuva rimwe chete, uye zvinhu zvisingade kuongororwa zvinogona kutumirwa kunze kwenyika nekukasika, uye zvinogona kuendeswa kuVietnam mumaawa maviri. “Nekusimbisa kushandiswa kwemidziyo yekuongorora isingapindike senge michina yeX-ray uye kusimbisa kuenzanisa kwechidzitiro chimwe chete, tinoderedza huwandu hwemapakeji akavhurwa uye tinokurumidza kuongorora nekuburitsa zvinhu.” Gao Lu, mutevedzeri wemukuru wechikamu cheVasere veCustoms, Friendly Customs supervision, akadaro.
– “Tambai” zvakanyanya online. Gore rapfuura, Alibaba International Station yakatungamira mukutanga chigadzirwa cheAI chekutengeserana kwekunze chakabatana zvizere, chine mabasa akadai sekuburitswa kwezvinhu zvine hungwaru uye manejimendi, kuongorora musika, kugamuchira vatengi, kushandura panguva chaiyo uye manejimendi emabhizinesi, kuitira kuti mabhizinesi ekutumira kunze agone kutaurirana zviri nyore uye nekukurumidza nevatengi vekune dzimwe nyika uye kutora mikana yemabhizinesi. Munhu akakodzera anotungamira Alibaba International Station anotenda kuti ingave iri puratifomu yekutengeserana kwekunze yedhijitari, kana mabhizinesi madiki nepakati ekutengeserana kwekunze, kuunzwa kwehurongwa hwekutsigira e-commerce hwemumiganhu kwakaita zvakanaka, zvichibatsira zvigadzirwa zveChina kukurumidzisa gungwa. Nekuunzwa kwematanho matsva, “kutamba” kwe e-commerce kwemumiganhu kuchawedzerawo, uye chiyero chekuti smes dzitumirwe kunze chinotarisirwa kuderedzwa zvakanyanya.
Kuswededza China pedyo nenyika
Kutengeserana kwepaindaneti kwakakurumidzisa kumhanya kwezvinhu zvekuChina zvinotengeswa mugungwa, ukuwo zvichibvumira zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvekuChina kuti zvibatanidzwe muzvipfeko, chikafu, pekugara uye kutakurwa kwevatengi vekune dzimwe nyika, zvichideredza daro riri pakati peChina nenyika.
Tinogona kuswedera pedyo nekudya kwakanaka. "Liuzhou snail noodle chikafu chisina kujairika, uye ndinotarisira kuikurudzira kune vakawanda vekuChina vari kunze kwenyika." Zheng Xiaozhen, wekuCanada akadzoka, akadaro. Sekureva kwaOu Haoxuan, mukuru wedhipatimendi rebhizinesi rekunze kweGuangxi Luobawang Food Technology Co., LTD., mumakore mashoma apfuura, kambani iyi yakasimudzira misika yekunze kwenyika kuburikidza nekutengeserana kwepamhepo, uye chigadzirwa chekutanga "Luobawang Luosifen" chakabudirira kupinda mumisika mikuru yakaita seUnited States, Canada neSoutheast Asia.
Ou Hao Xuan akaudza mutori wenhau kuti kutengeserana kwepamhepo kunopa mabhizinesi mukana wekuti asvike zvakananga kune vatengi vepasi rose, apindure nekukurumidza kushanduko dzemusika uye asimudzire hunyanzvi hwezvigadzirwa. "Luosifen ine kuravira kwakasiyana kwe 'kuvava, kunhuhwirira, kutsva, kusinganzwi uye kupisa'. Iye zvino, tiri kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvitsva zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nevatengi vemunharaunda dzakasiyana, tichigadzirisa nzira dzekushambadzira dzemuno, uye tichironga kushanda pamwe chete nevablogu vekunze vanozivikanwa kuti tiwedzere kuratidzwa uye pesvedzero yezvigadzirwa zvedu mumusika wepasi rose." 'akadaro.
Vhara daro, asiwo kuburikidza nekugadzira zvishandiso zvinorarama. Pakupera kwa2023, mutengesi wekuRomania akapfeka saSanta Claus ndokutasva bhasikoro remagetsi rakagadzirwa muchiChinese rekuti "Jinpeng" kuti ape vana zvipo zveGore Idzva, zvichikwezva kutariswa kukuru. Hou Dafu, mukuru weJinyishun Group's Jinyishun overseas platform brand, akaudza mutori wenhau kuti matricyke emagetsi, sechishandiso chakakosha chekugadzira nekufambisa chevanhuwo zvavo, chinowanzo vimba nezvitoro zvisiri paindaneti pakuratidzira nekutengesa. Mumakore achangopfuura, nekuwedzera kwenhamba yezvitoro zvisiri paindaneti uye kuwedzera kwemitengo, misika yekune dzimwe nyika yave nzvimbo yakakosha yekutanga mabhizinesi kuwedzera nzvimbo itsva dzekukura.
"Nerubatsiro rwekutengeserana kwemagetsi kunoyambuka miganhu, tinozivisa hunhu hwemavhiri matatu emagetsi ekufambisa nzendo pfupi, kutakurwa kwemidziyo, kuchengetedza simba uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kune vatengi vekunze kuburikidza nenhepfenyuro mhenyu, uye takawana maodha akawanda pasina kuenda kunze kwenyika kunovhura zvitoro." Kubva muna 2019, zvinhu zvedu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvakawedzera neanopfuura 30% pagore, uye takatengesa kunyika dzinopfuura 80 nenzvimbo pasi rose, uye timu yedu yekutengeserana kunze kwenyika yakawedzera kubva pavanhu vashanu kusvika pavanhu vanopfuura 60." Hou Dafu akati gore rino, Jinpeng Group iri kuronga nekushingaira chitoro chekutanga chekunze kwenyika, kuvaka imba yekuchengetera zvinhu kunze kwenyika, kuvaka mafekitori ekugadzirisa kunze kwenyika, uye kuwedzera bhizinesi rekutengesa kunze kwenyika.
Zvichienderana nedata reBazi rezvekutengeserana, kune makambani 645,000 ane kutengeserana kwekunze kwenyika uye kutengeserana kunze kwenyika, uye makambani ekutengeserana e-commerce anopfuura 100,000 anodarika 100,000. Mabhenefiti akasiyana ekugadzirwa muChina uye kudiwa kwakanyanya mumisika yekunze kwenyika zvakawedzera chivimbo kune vanoita zvekutengeserana e-commerce vanoyambuka miganhu.
Liu Hang, maneja webhizinesi reDuoduo, akati kubva payakatanga munaGunyana 2022, Duoduo Cross-border yakavhura mabhizinesi munyika dzinopfuura makumi mana. Kusvika pari zvino, Duodo Cross-border yakasimudzira zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro kubva kuGuangdong, Zhejiang, Shandong, Anhui nedzimwe nzvimbo kuti zvipinde munyika dzinopfuura makumi mana nenzvimbo dziri kuNorth America, Europe, Asia nedzimwe nzvimbo, uye inotumira kunze mapakeji anopfuura 400,000 pazuva. Runako rweGuangzhou, zvigadzirwa zvedhijitari zveShenzhen, mbatya dzevana dzeHuzhou, shangu dzeWenzhou, zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zveTaizhou, makapu ethermos eJinhua, nezvimwewo, zvinokurumidza kupinda muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwevatengi vekune dzimwe nyika. "Tichashanda pamwe chete nevanotengesa kunze kwenyika kuti tiwedzere 'keke' yezvinhu zvemumba zviri kuenda kugungwa." Liu Hang akadaro.
Chitubu: People's Daily Overseas Edition
Nguva yekutumira: Kukadzi-21-2024