Hupfumi hwaramba huchidzoka uye huchivandudzwa, uye kutengeserana kwezvinhu muChina kwakaramba kwakasimba pasi pekumanikidzwa kwekunze.
Mumwe mukuru weBazi rezveMabhizimisi akakodzera akataura nguva pfupi yadarika achidudzira "report card" yezvehupfumi nekutengeserana kuti kubva pakutanga kwegore rino, kutengeserana kwekunze kweChina kwave kufambira mberi zvishoma nezvishoma munzvimbo yakaoma. Makambani akawanda ekutengeserana kwekunze akachinja-chinja uye akatsvaga hunyanzvi hutsva. Mitemo yakasiyana-siyana yekubatsira mabhizinesi yakaitwa zvinobudirira, uye kutengeserana kwezvinhu kwakawana "kuwedzera panguva imwe chete kwehuwandu nehunhu", zvichiratidza kusimba kwakasiyana uye simba rekutengeserana kwekunze kweChina.
Sekureva kwedata rakaburitswa neGeneral Administration of Customs, mumwedzi mishanu yekutanga yegore rino, kukosha kwese kwekutengeserana kwezvinhu zvinopinzwa nekutengeswa kunze kwenyika kweChina kwakasvika 17.94 trillion yuan, zvichiwedzera ne2.5% gore rega rega, zvichiramba zvichikura. Pakati pazvo, huwandu hwezvinhu zvinopinzwa nekutengeswa kunze kwenyika hwemabhizinesi akazvimirira hwakasvika 10.25 trillion yuan, zvichiwedzera ne7%, zvichiita 57.1% yehuwandu hwese hwekutengeserana kwekunze kweChina, kuwedzera kwe2.4 muzana kana tichienzanisa nenguva imwecheteyo gore rapfuura.
Bazi rezvekutengeserana rakataura kuti muchikamu chinotevera, pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara uye asingachinji ekunze, richawedzera kuvhurika kwepamusoro-soro uye richapindura kusaziva kwemamiriro ezvinhu ekunze nechivimbo chebudiriro yepamusoro. Panguva iyi, China inotarisira kushanda nevamwe vadyidzani vakawanda vekutengeserana kuti vagadzirise njodzi nematambudziko pamwe chete uye kukurudzira kushandira pamwe chete.
"Zvinhu zvitsva" uye "goridhe" zvekutengeserana kwekunze zviri kuramba zvichiwedzera
Parizvino, mukufambira mberi kwemhando yepamusoro, ngarava huru yekutengeserana kwekunze yeChina iri kuramba ichienderera mberi nekufamba nemafungu.
Kubva kutanga kwegore rino, China yakaramba ichitevedzera musimboti wekushanda kwekutsvaga kufambira mberi uku ichichengetedza kugadzikana, ichishandisa zvizere, nemazvo uye zvizere pfungwa itsva yekuvandudza, ichikurumidzisa kuumbwa kwemaitiro matsva ekuvandudza, uye ichisimudzira zvishoma nezvishoma budiriro yepamusoro. Maitiro ese aripo neatsva akaramba achishandisa simba uye achitanga kushanda. Kushanda kwehupfumi kwatanga zvishoma nezvishoma, maitiro ekuvandudza matsva uye akanaka, uye kutengeserana kwekunze kwafambira mberi pasi pekumanikidzwa, zvichiita kuti kukura kwehukuru uye kuvandudzwa kwemhando kuve kwakasimba.
Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinotengeswa nevatengi, mumwedzi mishanu yekutanga ya2025, kukosha kwese kwezvinhu zvinotengeswa nekutengeserana kunze kwenyika muChina kwaive 17.94 trillion yuan, zvichiwedzera ne2.5% gore rega rega. Muna Chivabvu, kukosha kwese kwezvinhu zvinotengeswa nekutengeserana kunze kwenyika muChina kwaive 3.81 trillion yuan, zvichiwedzera ne2.7%.
Mumwe mukuru akakodzera kubva kuBazi rezveMabhizimisi akataura pamusangano wevatori venhau wakaitwa nguva pfupi yadarika kuti kubva pa "report card" yezvehupfumi nekutengeserana kwemwedzi mishanu yekutanga, hunhu hwekutengeserana kwekunze kweChina hunonyanya kuratidzwa muzvikamu zvitatu: "boka reshamwari" dzakasiyana-siyana, kuunganidzwa kukuru kwe "masimba matsva anotungamira", uye simba remasangano ekutengeserana kwekunze.
Mumwedzi mishanu yekutanga, misika mitsva yakawedzera kuwedzera. Kubatanidzwa kweChina nekutengesa kunze kwenyika nenyika dziri kuvaka pamwe chete chirongwa cheBelt and Road Initiative kwakawedzera ne4.2%. Musika wakakura ne9.1% kuenda kuASEAN uye 12.4% kuenda kuAfrica, uye misika yakasiyana-siyana yakaramba ichikura.
Kubva pamaonero evadyidzani vekutengeserana, chiyero chekutengeserana pakati peChina neAfrica chasvika pakakwirira zvakare munguva imwe chete munhoroondo. Mumwedzi mishanu yekutanga yegore rino, zvinhu zvinotengeswa neChina kubva kunyika dzemuAfrica zvakasvika mabhiriyoni 963.21 eyuan, zvichiita 5.4% yehuwandu hwese hwezvinhu zvinotengeswa nekutengesa kunze kwenyika zveChina.
Zvinonzwisisika kuti kubva pakatangwa Forum on China-Africa Cooperation muna 2000, hukama hweChina-Africa hwabudirira zvikuru. Kubatana kwehupfumi nekutengeserana pakati pemativi maviri kwakaramba kuchikura kusvika padanho repamusoro, kudzika kwakadzama uye minda yakakura. China yakaramba iri shamwari huru yekutengeserana muAfrica kwemakore gumi nematanhatu akatevedzana, uye chiyero chekutengeserana chakaramba chichikwira. Sekureva kweChina-Africa Trade Index yakaunganidzwa neChinese Customs, kubva pakatangwa Forum on China-Africa Cooperation muna 2000, indekisi iyi yakawedzera nekukurumidza kubva pamutengo wepasi pemapoinzi zana, ichipfuura nemapoinzi chiuru muna 2023 uye ichisvika pamapoinzi chiuru nemakumi mashanu nematanhatu nemakumi mashanu nematatu muna 2024. Kuwedzera kukuru kwenhamba iyi kunoratidza kukura kwakasimba kwekutengeserana kweChina-Africa.
Zvichakadaro, "zvinhu zvitsva" uye "goridhe" zvekutengeserana kwekunze kweChina zvave zvichiramba zvichiwedzera, uye kukwikwidzana kwezvinhu zvetekinoroji yepamusoro uye zvinhu zvinokosha zvakawedzerwa kwakawedzerwa.
Ruzivo rwezvemitero runoratidza kuti mumwedzi mishanu yekutanga, huwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvemakanika nemagetsi zvakatengeswa kunze kwenyika neChina hwakasvika 6.4 trillion yuan, zvichikwira ne9.3% gore negore, zvichireva 60% yehuwandu hwese hwezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika munyika. Pakati pazvo, michina yekugadzirisa data otomatiki nezvikamu zvayo zvakasvika 575.23 bhiriyoni yuan, zvichikwira ne3.9%. Matunhu akabatanidzwa akasvika 526.4 bhiriyoni yuan, zvichikwira ne18.9%. Mota dzakasvika 351.37 bhiriyoni yuan, zvichikwira ne6.6%. Michina yakajairika yakawedzera ne9.5%, mota dzemagetsi ne19%, uye ngarava dzinotumirwa ne18.9%.
Pamusoro pezvo, nzira itsva dzekutengeserana kunze kwenyika dzakadai sekuchengetedza mabhondi dzakapa mukana wekukura kwehupfumi. Bazi rezvekutengeserana rakataura kuti rakashanda nemadhipatimendi akakodzera kuburitsa gwaro rekutanga rezvinyorwa zvekuchengetedza mabhondi zvenzvimbo dzekutengeserana dzakasununguka. Matunhu anosangana nemamiriro ezvinhu anogona kuita bhizinesi rekuchengetedza mabhondi ezvigadzirwa zvine kukosha kwakanyanya zvakaita sendege nengarava. Kubva muna Chivabvu, mapurojekiti ekuchengetedza mabhondi anopfuura 280 akatangwa munyika yese.
Ramba uchisimbisa simba guru remakambani ekutengeserana ekunze akazvimirira
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti nekukura kuri kuita hupfumi hwemakambani ega ega muChina uye simba rayo riri kukura pasi rose, makambani ega ega ave simba guru kumakambani eChina kuti "aende pasi rose".
Ruzivo rwezvemitero rwunoratidza kuti mumwedzi mishanu yekutanga yegore rino, huwandu hwezvinhu zvinopinzwa nekutengeswa kunze kwenyika hwemakambani akazvimirira hwakawedzera ne7%, zvichireva 57.1% yezvinhu zvose zvinopinzwa nekutengeswa kunze kwenyika, zvichikwira ne2.4% zvichienzaniswa nenguva imwe cheteyo gore rapfuura. Pakati pazvo, zvinhu zvinopinzwa kunze kwenyika zvakasvika 6.97 trillion yuan, zvichiwedzera ne8%, zvichireva 65.4% yezvinhu zvose zvinopinzwa kunze kwenyika zveChina. Zvinhu zvinopinzwa kunze kwenyika zvakasvika 3.28 trillion yuan, zvichiwedzera ne4.9%, zvichireva 45.1% yezvinhu zvose zvinopinzwa kunze kwenyika zveChina.
Mutori wenhau weChangjiang Business Daily akaona kuti kubvira muna 2019, makambani akazvimirira adarika makambani anotsigirwa nemari kubva kune dzimwe nyika kusvika pakuva makambani makuru ekutengeserana kunze kwenyika muChina. Hupfumi hwemakambani akazvimirira hwave nehafu yekutengeserana kunze kwenyika uye mari yekudyara kunze kwenyika kwemakore matanhatu akatevedzana.
Kubva pamaonero ekutengeserana kwenyika, kubva muna 2012 kusvika 2024, avhareji yekukura kwegore negore kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinopinzwa nekutengeswa kunze kwenyika zvemakambani akazvimirira muChina yaive 11%, uye huwandu hwavo muhuwandu hwezvinhu zvinopinzwa nekutengeswa kunze kwenyika hwakawedzera kubva pa30% kusvika pamusoro pe50%. Muna 2024, huwandu hwezvinhu zvinopinzwa nekutengeswa kunze kwenyika zveChina hwakasvika mabhiriyoni 43,846.8 eyuan, zvichiwedzera ne5.0% gore negore. Pakati pavo, huwandu hwezvinhu zvinopinzwa nekutengeswa kunze kwenyika hwemakambani akazvimirira hwaive mabhiriyoni 24,332.9 eyuan, zvichiwedzera ne8.8% gore negore, zvichireva 55.5% yehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinopinzwa nekutengeswa kunze kwenyika. Muna 2024, pachava nemakambani anoda kusvika 700,000 ane mashandiro chaiwo ekupinda nekutengeswa kunze kwenyika munyika yese, zvichiisa rekodhi itsva yehuwandu hwacho. Pakati pavo, huwandu hwemakambani akazvimirira ane mashandiro chaiwo ekupinda nekutengeswa kunze kwenyika hwakapfuura 600,000 kekutanga, kusvika 609,000.
Kunyange hazvo kukura kwekutengeserana kwekunze kwasvika pakukura nekukurumidza, mhando yekuvandudzwa kwemakambani ega yakaramba ichivandudzika. Muna 2024, huwandu hwezvigadzirwa zvinopinzwa nekutumirwa kunze kwenyika nemakambani ega hwakaramba huchikwira, zvichiita kuti vave ivo vanopinza nekuburitsa kunze zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro muChina kekutanga. Kupinza nekuburitsa kunze zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro kwakawedzera ne12.6%, uye mugove wavo wehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinopinzwa nekutumirwa kunze kwenyika neChina zvakakwira kusvika pa48.5%.
Gore rino, pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma ekunze, makambani akazvimirira akaratidza kugona kuchinjika uye mikana yekukwikwidzana. Vakapindura kune "zvitsva", vakatamira kune "zvitsva", vakagadzira zvigadzirwa zvitsva uye mikana mitsva, vakagadzira mafomu matsva ebhizinesi nemamodheru, vakaedza kutsvaga misika mitsva nenzvimbo itsva, uye vakawedzera "zviri mukati" zvekutengeserana kwekunze.
Gwaro reHurumende reMabasa regore rino rinosimbisa kuti panofanira kuitwa kuedza kusimbisa mitemo yekudzikamisa kutengeserana kwekunze, kutsigira mabhizinesi mukuchengetedza maodha uye kuwedzera misika, kugadzirisa masevhisi emari akadai semari, kugadzirisa nekugadzirisa mari yekunze, kuwedzera huwandu uye kufukidzwa kweinishuwarenzi yechikwereti chekutengesa kunze kwenyika, uye kusimbisa rutsigiro rwemabhizinesi kuti atore chikamu uye aite zviratidziro kunze kwenyika. Pamusangano wemisangano yemakambani akazvimirira wakaitwa pakutanga kwegore, kutarisisa kukuru kwakaratidzwawo panyaya yemabhizinesi akazvimirira ari kuenda pasi rose. Pamusoro pezvo, mabhizinesi akazvimirira akatsigira kufambira mberi kwakasimba uye kuvandudzwa kwemhando yekutengeserana kwekunze, uye mitemo yemari yekutsigira nemari yakaitawo basa guru uye rakakosha mukuita uku.
Padanho remunharaunda, rutsigiro rwuri kupihwa pakukura nekukura kwemakambani ekutengeserana ekunze ega, uye matunhu akasiyana-siyana ari kuitawo kuedza kuenderera mberi. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, Sichuan yakatanga chirongwa chekurima che "Hundred Leading Enterprises and Thousand Upgrading Enterprises" chemakambani ekutengeserana ekunze muna 2025, nechinangwa chekusimudzira kukura kwemusika wavo uye kugona kwavo kudzivirira njodzi. Zhejiang yakatanga "Global Trade Belt Export Plan" yekubatsira makambani ekutengeserana ekunze akawanda "kutengesa kunze kwenyika nekutengeserana kwepasi rose". Shandong yakatanga chirongwa chekuwedzera musika wepasi rose che "10,000 Enterprises Going Global, Shandong Trade Globally", ichishandira makambani zvizere mukuwedzera misika yavo, kuwedzera maodha uye kudzikamisa migove yavo yemusika.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-17-2025